Following independence from the Soviet Union a major economic depression cut "public financing" for education in Kazakhstan, "which dropped from 6% of gross domestic product in 1991 to about 3% in 1994, before rising to 4% in 1999."
By tradition, Kazakhs are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi school. The Kazakhs adopted Islam gradually, with complete conversion only in the early 19th century.
Kazakh national cuisine reflects the nature of its people, its history, customs and traditions. Since old times hospitality has been the most distinctive feature of the Kazakh people. A guest is always given a special welcome and offered the place of honor.