Life amongst the nomadic Kyrgyz was extremely harsh and there was a high infant mortality rate. As a result birth and childhood were associated with many beliefs, superstitions and rituals - many with "shamanistic" overtones. Many of these have survived to the present day.
During the middle of the 1990's the Kyrgyzstan Education was very much based on the educational structure that of the Soviet-era. Gradually the system started being modified and changed according to the necessities of the citizens.
In the post-Soviet era, Kyrgyzstan's health system has suffered increasing shortages of health professionals and medicine. Kyrgyzstan must import nearly all its pharmaceuticals.